Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic skin pathologies in the world and the problem of treatment remains still urgent.According to statistics for 2017, 130 ml cases have been reported worldwide: every twenty -fourth resident of the planet suffers from illness.Usually, the pathology debuts from 16 to 20 and 40 to 60 years.In 65% of patients, it is observed in mild form and the skin surface is slightly affected by plaques (up to 3%).The average degree of psoriasis suffers 25% (up to 10% of the skin area) and severe, in which more than 10% of the surface is affected - 8%.
The exact cause of the disease has not yet been studied.Parasitic infection, allergic predisposition, hormonal imbalance, metabolic disorders and heredity are thought to cause psoriatic plaques.
The tendency to develop psoriasis in childhood, if one of the parents is ill, is 25%.When both, the likelihood increases to 50%.According to statistics from 100 children worldwide, 4 of them are psoriasis and cases of illness in boys, less than girls with 25%.
The list of adverse factors also includes infectious diseases, neuropsychic injuries and the negative effect of low temperatures.
As a result of the interaction of several external and internal causes, there is a violation of the circulation of the papillary layer of the dermis, from which the reproduction of young and insufficiently mature epidermal cells happens so quickly that they do not have time to finally ripen, accumulate on the surface with silver-shaped scales in the form of a plaque.
The disease is so advancing that over time they merge and turn into large spots.
Psoriasis lasts all life and suicide cases is single.Remission periods alternate with exacerbation, which is more commonly observed in the autumn winter time.But there are cases of indefinite (all seasons) and photosensitive (summer) type.
Stages
In the pathological process in psoriasis, several periods and the course similar to the wave is carried out by alternating the cycles of exacerbation and remission.For a specialist, the diagnosis of the disease is not difficult: it has special, specific symptoms and characteristic skin type at different stages of the development of pathology.
Initial stage
Initially, when the disease is just beginning to appear, rashes (papules) appear with no more than a pin head. In psoriasis, they are grouped on the skin of the turns of the limbs and at first do not progress or change.These so -called guard (duty) plaques.
Classic clinical manifestations of the initial stage form a triad of psoriasis:
- Wax stain.The papules are covered with a white plaque with a grayish plaque tinge, loose and poorly fixed.It can be easily scraped from a spatula.Externally exfoliated scales look like the smallest Starin chips - candle preparation substances.
- Terminal film.A smooth, shiny, juicy hyperemic surface is visible under a loose embodiment.This is the last layer of cells to leave.
- The bloody dew is the last sign of the triad.It is formed when the terminal film is damaged and externally manifests in the form of condensate from small drops of blood that do not merge with each other.
Psoriasis is a chronic disease and it is impossible to completely recover from it.The main task of treatment is to achieve constant, prolonged remission.Inadequate exacerbation therapy is observed every two to three months.The treatment of the initial stage of psoriasis is gentle and begins with the use of keratolithic external products in the form of ointments and creams based on salicylic and lactic acid.
Drugs eliminate discomfort, suppress excessive cell formation, relieve inflammation and peeling.Psoriasis over time becomes resistant (stable) to the action of certain medicines.Therefore, the drug program is examined after a certain period of time.This approach is called rotation - a periodic change in the techniques that goes into a circle.
Progressive stage
The second stage of the disease is the actual exacerbation peak.
The first sign - the peeling is located only in the central part of the papules, and at the edges there is a pink wave.This is a symptom of growth when single rashes increase and merge.The second sign of progression becomes a symptom of a skin reaction: 10-14 days after injury (abrasions, scratches) of the skin, a new typical plaque appears.Progressive psoriasis gives another symptom that is not observed in other stages - itching of varying intensity.The treatment of the progressive stage of psoriasis is performed in a hospital and includes:
- Medicines with drugs: antihistamines, not -groid anti -inflammatory drugs, disabilities, vitamins.
- Physiotherapy: PUVA, UFO, use with paraffin, sulfide and radon baths.
After patients, treatment with a sanatorium resource is recommended.In particularly severe cases, corticosteroid and cytostatic agents are prescribed.Psoriasis affects the nails.They become fragile, dumb, rise above the bed.Usually this condition with a disease occurs even from minor damage.
Stationary stage
After the progression, by the end of the fourth week, healing of the papules occurs.It starts from the center to the periphery and plaques take on a characteristic ring shape.Their color becomes less intense, the new entities do not appear.The stationary stage of psoriasis does not give special discomfort.The patient is not painful, there is no itching.The therapeutic program remains the same.There may only be minor adjustments that pursue one goal: to allow you to enter the last phase and not transform ourselves back into the progressive stage of psoriasis.
Faded stage
After complex and intense care, remission occurs and the disease is included in the hidden phase.At the last stage, the peeling of psoriasis disappears, the plaques acquire a pale shade.They gradually decide and merge with the skin.Exception - SO - the frozen "frozen" dads remain on the elbows, knees, stomach and buttocks.The remission period is individual and can last from three months to several years.A patient with psoriasis should monitor himself at the first signs of exacerbation in order to see a doctor and undergo a course of treatment.Despite the chronic illness predisposed to relapses, provided that all recommendations, psoriasis allows to live an ordinary and rich life.